MODELING THE SATURATION AND PERMEABILITY OF PETROLEUM FIELD RESERVOIR

专利摘要:
System and method for correcting capillary pressure curves, comprising creating (610) a capillary pressure curve using multiple bound hyperbolic tangents, determining (620) a curve closing correction cutoff pressure capillary pressure, and the correction (630) of the capillary pressure curve. The correction may include normalization (640) of the capillary pressure curve and extrapolation (660) of the capillary pressure curve.
公开号:FR3036820A1
申请号:FR1554944
申请日:2015-06-01
公开日:2016-12-02
发明作者:Sylvain Wlodarczyk；Keith Pinto；Olivier Marche；Akshat Gupta
申请人:Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] OIL FIELD RESERVOIR SATURATION AND PERMEABILITY MODELING Background [0001] To create accurate models of oilfield reservoir, water and hydrocarbon saturation can be predicted at a given point in the oilfield reservoir. [0002] Saturation data may be available at the correct scale, where it can be derived accurately from petrophysical well log data using different process streams and standards. However, it may be desirable to calculate tank-scale saturation, where few reservoir properties are known. In such cases, a saturation pattern can be obtained by using a saturation height function. However, saturation models can be based on saturation height functions for single-pore throat systems, or if multi-pore throat modeling is possible, on unstable models that depend on the number of data points used. and selecting the best fit intervals. SUMMARY [0003] Embodiments of the disclosure may provide a computational system, a non-transitory computer readable medium, and a method for correcting a capillary pressure curve.
[0002] For example, the method includes creating a capillary pressure curve using multiple bound hyperbolic tangents, and determining a closing correction cutoff pressure of the capillary pressure curve. The method may further include correcting the capillary pressure curve, wherein the correction of the capillary pressure curve comprises normalizing the capillary pressure curve or extrapolating the capillary pressure curve. In another embodiment, the method may further comprise determining an inlet pressure for the capillary pressure curve after the correction of the capillary pressure curve. In another embodiment, the determination of the closing correction cut-off pressure of the capillary pressure curve comprises the determination of a local minimum of the second derivative of the capillary pressure curve, and the pressure of closing correction cut corresponds to the local minimum where the capillary pressure is the lowest. In another embodiment, the normalization of the capillary pressure curve includes adjusting the closing correction cut-off pressure to correspond to a wetting phase saturation of 100%, and the pressure of The input corresponds to the closing correction cutoff pressure after the setting of the closing correction cutoff pressure. In another embodiment, the extrapolation of the capillary pressure curve comprises the determination of a first derivative cut-off pressure, the execution of a regression analysis between the first derived cut-off pressure and the pressure. closing correction cutoff, and extrapolation of the capillary pressure curve to the wetting phase saturation point of 100%, wherein the first derived cutoff pressure corresponds to the first derived local minimum where the capillary pressure is the lower, and wherein the inlet pressure corresponds to a wetting phase saturation point pressure of 100%. In another embodiment, the correction of the capillary pressure curve includes trimming of the capillary pressure curve to eliminate the capillary pressure data below the closing correction cutoff pressure. In another embodiment, the capillary pressure curve is defined by the following equation: ## EQU1 ## (P -ta)) with the following constraints: wn> 0, tin E [1, / V] n, NEN an + 1 <an, Vn E [1, N -1] n, NEN 25 where P represents a logarithmic transform of a normalized capillary pressure and N represents the number of hyperbolic tangents. In another embodiment, the non-transitory computer readable medium stores instructions which, when executed by one or more processor (s) of a computing system, cause the computing system to execute. operations. For example, the operations may include creating a capillary pressure curve using multiple bound hyperbolic tangents, and determining a closing correction cutoff pressure of the capillary pressure curve. The operations may further comprise the correction of the capillary pressure curve, and the determination of an inlet pressure for the capillary pressure curve after the correction of the capillary pressure curve, where the correction of the capillary pressure curve is obtained. Capillary pressure includes normalization of the capillary pressure curve or extrapolation of the capillary pressure curve. In another embodiment, the computing system may comprise one or more processor (s), and a memory system comprising one or more non-transitory computer-readable medium (s) for storing instructions which, when executed by said one or more processor (s) of the computing system, cause the computing system to perform operations. For example, operations may include creating a capillary pressure curve using multiple bound hyperbolic tangents, and determining a closing correction cutoff pressure of the capillary pressure curve. The operations may further include correcting the capillary pressure curve, and determining an input pressure for the capillary pressure curve after the correction of the capillary pressure curve, where the correction of the capillary pressure curve includes standardization of the capillary pressure curve or extrapolation of the capillary pressure curve. This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts which are described in detail below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor should it be used as a guide to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0003] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0013] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this document, illustrate embodiments of the present teachings.  These and other aspects and advantages in the embodiments of the disclosure will become apparent and more readily apparent from the following description of the various embodiments made in conjunction with the drawings. in which: [0014] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a system that includes different management components for managing different aspects of a geological environment according to one embodiment; Figure 2 is a flowchart of a method for modeling saturation in a reservoir according to one embodiment; Figure 3 shows a model of hyperbolic tangents in a capillary pressure and water saturation system according to one embodiment; Figure 4 shows a model of hyperbolic tangents in a capillary pressure and water saturation system according to one embodiment; Figure 5 shows a model of hyperbolic tangents in a capillary pressure and water saturation system according to one embodiment; Figure 6 shows capillary pressure data from a multi-pore throat system according to one embodiment; Figure 7 shows a curve fit to capillary pressure data according to one embodiment; Figure 8 shows hyperbolic tangents which correspond to pore grooves 10 according to one embodiment; Figure 9 is a flowchart of a method for correcting a capillary pressure curve according to one embodiment; Figure 10 shows a capillary pressure curve according to one embodiment; Figure 11 shows a second derivative of a capillary pressure curve according to an embodiment; Figure 12 shows a trimmed capillary pressure curve according to one embodiment; Figure 13 shows a normalized capillary pressure curve according to one embodiment; Figure 14 shows a first derivative of a capillary pressure curve according to an embodiment; Figure 15 shows an extrapolated capillary pressure curve according to one embodiment; and [0029] Figure 16 is a schematic view of a computing system according to one embodiment.  It will be appreciated that certain details of the drawings have been simplified and are drawn in such a way as to facilitate the understanding of the present teachings rather than to maintain a strict structural accuracy, detail and scale.  These drawings / figures are provided for explanatory and non-limiting purposes.  DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0031] We will now refer in detail to the various embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and figures.  Embodiments are described below for the purpose of providing a more complete understanding of the components, methods and apparatus disclosed herein.  All the examples provided have an illustrative, and not limiting, purpose.  It will be clear, however, to those skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without these specific details.  In other examples, well known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to obscure aspects of the embodiments unnecessarily.  From one end to the other of the booklet and the claims, the following terms have the meanings explicitly associated here unless the context clearly indicates something else.  The terms "in some embodiments" and "in one embodiment" as used herein do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s), although this can be the case.  Furthermore, the terms "in another embodiment" and "in certain other embodiments" as used herein, do not necessarily refer to a different embodiment, although this may be the case. .  As described below, various embodiments can be easily combined without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure.  [0033] As used herein, the term "or" is an inclusive operator, and is equivalent to the term "and / or," unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.  The term "based on" is not exclusive and allows a foundation on additional factors, as described, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.  In the specification, the enumeration of "at least one of A, B, and C" includes embodiments containing A, B, or C, multiple examples of A, B, or C, or combinations of A / B, A / C, BIC, A / B / B / B / C / C, A / B / C, etc.  In addition, from one end of the book to the other, the meaning of "one", "one" and "the" includes several references.  The meaning of "in" includes "in" and "on".  It will also be understood that although the terms first, second, and so on.  can be used here to describe different elements, these elements will not be limited by these terms.  These terms are used for the purpose of distinguishing one element from another.  For example, a first object or a first step could be called a second object or a second step and, similarly, a second object or a second step could be called a first object or a first step, without departing from the scope of the invention.  The first object or step, and the second object or step, are both objects or steps, respectively, but they should not be considered as the same object or step.  It will be further understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes" and / or "including," when used in this specification, specify the presence of 3036820 6 characteristics, integers, steps, operations, elements , and / or evoked components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other characteristic (s), integers, step (s), operation (s) , element (s), component (s) and / or group (s) thereof.  Furthermore, as used herein, the term "if" can be interpreted to mean "when" or "when" or "in response to the determination" or "in response to detection," depending on the context. .  When reference is made here to a numerical range of values, these ranges must be interpreted as encompassing each and all the numbers and / or fractions between the minimum and maximum ranges indicated.  For example, a range of 0.5% to 6% would expressly include intermediate values of 0.6%, 0.7% and 0.9%, up to and including 5.95%, 5.97% and 5.99%.  The same principle applies to every other numeric property and / or elementary range specified here unless the context clearly indicates something else.  The attention is now focused on procedures, processes, techniques and processing treatment flows that are presented according to some embodiments.  Certain operations in the procedures, methods, techniques, and processing processing flows disclosed herein may be combined and / or the order of certain operations may be changed.  FIG. 1 shows an example of a system 100 that comprises different management components 110 for managing different aspects of a geological environment 150 (for example, an environment that includes a sedimentary basin, a reservoir 151, one or more fault (s) 153-1, one or more geological bodies 153-2, etc. ).  For example, management components 110 may allow direct or indirect management of detection, drilling, injection, extraction, etc. , in relation to the geological environment 150.  Then, additional information relating to the geologic environment 150 may become available in return 160 (e.g., optionally as an entry in one or more of the management components 110).  In the example shown in FIG. 1, the management components 110 comprise a seismic data component 112, an additional information component 114 (for example, well / log data), a component 116, a simulation component 120, an attribute component 130, an analysis / visualization component 142, and a process flow component 144.  In operation, seismic data and other information provided by components 112 and 114 may be input to simulation component 120.  In an exemplary embodiment, the simulation component 120 may be based on entities 122.  Entities 122 may include earth features or geological objects such as wells, surfaces, bodies, reservoirs, and the like.  In the system 100, the entities 122 may comprise virtual representations of real physical entities that are reconstructed for simulation purposes.  Entities 122 may include entities based on data acquired through detection, observation, etc.  (for example, seismic data 112 and other information 114).  An entity may be characterized by one or more properties (eg, a geometric abutment grid entity of a terrestrial model may be characterized by a porosity property).  These properties may represent one or more measurement (s) (for example, acquired data), calculation (s), etc.  In an exemplary embodiment, the simulation component 120 can operate in conjunction with a software infrastructure such as an object-oriented infrastructure.  In such an infrastructure, entities may include features based on predefined classes to facilitate modeling and simulation.  A commercially available example of an object-based infrastructure is the MICROSOFT® infrastructure. NET® (Redmond, Washington), which provides a set of extensible object classes.  In the infrastructure. NET®, an object class includes a reusable code module and associated data structures.  Object classes can be used to instantiate object instances for use by a program, script, and so on.  For example, classes of boreholes may define objects to represent boreholes based on well data.  In the example shown in FIG. 1, the simulation component 120 can process information to correspond to one or more attribute (s) specified by the attribute component 130, which can include a attribute library.  This processing can be performed before entering the simulation component 120 (for example, consider the processing component 116).  For example, the simulation component 120 may perform operations on input information based on one or more attributes specified by the attribute component 130.  In an exemplary embodiment, the simulation component 120 can construct one or more models of the geological environment 150, on which it is possible to rely to simulate a behavior of the geological environment 150 (eg sensitive to one or more action (s), whether natural or artificial).  In the example shown in Figure 1, the analysis / visualization component 142 may allow interaction with a model or model-based results (eg simulation results, etc.). ).  For example, an output of the simulation component 120 may be input into one or more other processing streams, as indicated by a process flow component 144.  By way of example, the simulation component 120 may comprise one or more characteristics of a simulator such as the ECLIPSETm reservoir simulator (Schlumberger Limited, Houston, Texas), the simulator of INTERSECTTm tank (Schlumberger Limited, Houston, Texas), etc.  For example, a simulation component, a simulator, etc.  may include features to implement one or more techniques without meshes (for example, to solve one or more equation (s), etc. ).  For example, a reservoir or reservoirs may be simulated with respect to one or more improved recovery technique (s) (for example, consider a heat treatment such as SAGD, etc. ).  In an exemplary embodiment, the management components 110 may include features of a commercially available infrastructure such as the PETREL® seismic simulation software infrastructure (Schlumberger Limited, Houston, Texas).  The PETREL® infrastructure provides components that enable optimization of exploration and development operations.  The PETREL® infrastructure includes seismic simulation software components that can output information to be used to increase tank performance, for example by improving the productivity of the active team.  By using such an infrastructure, different professionals (eg, geophysicists, geologists, and reservoir engineers) can develop collaborative workflows and integrate operations with rational processes.  Such an infrastructure can be considered an application and can be considered a data-driven application (for example, where data is entered for modeling, simulation, etc.). ).  In an exemplary embodiment, different aspects of the management component 110 may include additional modules or extension modules that operate according to specifications of an infrastructure environment.  For example, a commercially available infrastructure environment marketed as the OCEAN® Infrastructure Environment (Schlumberger Limited, Houston, Texas) allows for the integration of additional modules (or expansion modules) into a network. PETREL® infrastructure treatment flow.  The OCEANe infrastructure environment influences tools. NET® (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington) and provides stable and easy-to-use interfaces for efficient development.  In an exemplary embodiment, different components may be implemented as additional modules (or extension modules) that conform to and operate according to specifications of an infrastructure environment (e.g. according to application programming interface (API) specifications, etc. ).  Figure 1 also shows an example of an infrastructure 170 that includes a model simulation layer 180 in conjunction with an infrastructure service layer 190, an infrastructure core layer 195, and a module layer 175. .  The infrastructure 170 may include the commercially available OCEAN® infrastructure where the model simulation layer 180 is the commercially available PETREL® model-based software package that contains the OCEAN® infrastructure applications.  In an exemplary embodiment, the PETREL® software can be considered a data-driven application.  PETREL® software may include an infrastructure for building and viewing models.  For example, an infrastructure may include features for implementing one or more mesh generation technique (s).  For example, an infrastructure 15 may include an input component for receiving information from seismic data interpretation, one or more attribute (s) based at least in part on seismic data, logging data. , image data, etc.  An infrastructure of this type may include a mesh generation component that processes input information, optiormally in conjunction with other information, to generate a mesh.  In the example shown in FIG. 1, the model simulation layer 180 can provide domain objects 182, act as a data source 184, feed a rendering 186, and feed different interfaces. user 188.  The rendering 186 may provide a graphical environment in which applications may display their data, while the user interfaces 188 may provide the appearance and usability for user interface components.  By way of example, the domain objects 182 may comprise entity objects, property objects and optionally other objects.  Feature objects can be used to geometrically represent wells, surfaces, bodies, reservoirs, and so on. while property objects can be used to provide property values as well as data version and display parameters.  For example, an entity object may represent a well where a property object may provide logging information as well as version information and display information (for example, to display the well as part of 'A model).  In the example shown in FIG. 1, data can be stored in one or more data sources (or data store (s), generally data storage devices). physical data), which may be on the same physical site or on different physical sites and accessible through one or more networks (x).  The model simulation layer 180 can be configured to model projects.  As a result, a particular project can be stored, where stored project information can include entries, models, results, and cases.  Thus, when performing a modeling session, a user can store a project.  The project can later be accessed and retrieved using the Model Simulation Layer 180, which is able to recreate examples of the relevant domain objects.  In the example shown in FIG. 1, the geological environment 150 may comprise layers (for example, stratification) which comprise a reservoir 151 and one or more other characteristic (s), such as fault 153-1, geological body 153-2, etc.  For example, the geological environment 150 may be equipped with any of a variety of sensors, detectors, actuators, etc.  For example, the equipment 152 may include a communication circuit for receiving and transmitting information with respect to one or more networks (x) 155.  This information may include information associated with drilling equipment 154, which may be equipment for acquiring information, assisting in recovering resources, etc.  Other equipment 156 may be located at a distance from a well site and comprise a capture, detection, transmission or other circuit.  Such equipment may include a storage and communication circuit for storing and communicating data, instructions, etc.  For example, one or more satellites may be provided for communication, data acquisition, and so on.  For example, Figure 1 shows a satellite in communication with the network 155 that can be configured for communications, note that the satellite may include a circuit for imaging (eg, spatial, spectral, temporal, radiometric, etc.). ).  [0051] FIG. 1 also shows the geological environment 150 as optionally comprising equipment 157 and 158 associated with a well which has a substantially horizontal portion which can intersect one or more fracture (s) 159.  For example, consider a well in a shale formation that may include natural fractures, artificial fractures (eg, hydraulic fractures) or a combination of natural and man-made fractures.  For example, a well may be drilled for a tank that is laterally extended.  In an example of this type, lateral variations of properties, constraints, etc.  may exist, where an assessment of these variations may facilitate planning, operations, etc.  to develop a laterally extended reservoir (for example, through fracturing, injection, extraction, etc.). ).  For example, the equipment 157 and / or 158 may comprise components, a system, systems, etc.  for fracturing, seismic detection, seismic data analysis, evaluation of one or more fracture (s), etc.  As mentioned, the system 100 may be used to execute one or more processing streams.  A process stream may be one that includes a number of processing steps.  A processing step can operate on data, for example, to create new data, to update existing data, and so on.  For example, it can operate on one or more input (s) and generate one or more result (s), for example, based on one or more algorithm (s).  For example, a system may include a workflow editor for creation, editing, execution, etc.  a processing flow.  In an example of this type, the process stream editor can select one or more predefined workstage (s), one or more custom processing steps, and so on.  For example, a process stream may be a process stream that may be implemented in the PETREL® software, for example, that operates on seismic data, one or more seismic attribute (s). etc.  For example, a process stream can be a method that can be implemented in the OCEAN® infrastructure.  For example, a processing flow may comprise one or more work steps that access a module such as an extension module (for example, an executable external code, etc.). ).  As described above, the system 100 may be used to simulate or model a geological environment 150 and / or a reservoir 151.  Tank models are often based on saturation data as a component.  In some embodiments, the system 100 may be based on a saturation pattern as a component of the reservoir model 151.  Figure 2 is a flowchart of a method 200 for modeling saturation in a reservoir, according to one embodiment.  As illustrated in FIG. 2, the method 200 can start by obtaining petrophysical data during the operation 210.  For example, during operation 210, the petrophysical data from the reservoir can be collected or received.  Petrophysical data may include capillary pressure data and permeability data.  In some embodiments, the petrophysical data may also include porosity, elevation above free water level, and rock type data.  In step 220, a number of pore grooves can be determined from the resulting petrophysical data.  For example, a number of pore grooves can be determined from the capillary pressure data obtained.  In other embodiments, the number of pore grooves in the system can be predetermined.  [0056] Once the number of pore grooves has been determined, a set of hyperbolic tangents whose number is equal to the number of pore grooves can be set during the operation 230.  At operation 240, the set of hyperbolic tangents can be used to create a curve to approach the obtained petrophysical data and define a set of hyperbolic tangent parameters.  For example, the set of hyperbolic tangents may be used to create a curve for approximating the obtained capillary pressure data and defining a set of hyperbolic tangent parameters associated with said curve.  In some embodiments, the curve created to approximate the capillary pressure data may be corrected to account for the manner in which the capillary pressure data has been obtained.  For example, the curve can be corrected for compliance or closure effects.  The method 200 may automatically perform a closure correction on the set of hyperbolic tangents used to create a curve to approximate the obtained capillary pressure data, and may also determine the input pressure that corresponds to the capillary pressure curve.  Once the hyperbolic tangent parameters have been defined, at least one hyperbolic tangent parameter can be combined with the obtained petrophysical data to define dependencies for a saturation height function during the operation 250.  For example, at least one hyperbolic tangent parameter can be combined with the permeability data obtained to define a permeability dependency for some of the parameters that define a saturation height function.  In step 260, the saturation height function can be combined with petrophysical data to model a saturation in the reservoir.  For example, the water and hydrocarbon saturation in a reservoir can be calculated from the saturation height function using permeability data, porosity data, and a height above the water level. free water.  In some embodiments, the saturation height function can also be combined with rock type data.  For example, the saturation height function can be limited to only one type of rock, or only one type of rock can be assumed for the reservoir model.  In operation 270, the saturation pattern can be displayed.  For example, during operation 270, the saturation pattern or changes in the saturation pattern may be displayed (s).  In other embodiments, the saturation pattern can be displayed as part of the larger tank model.  As described above, a saturation data model can be used to predict saturation of water and hydrocarbons at a given point in an oil field reservoir.  For example, a saturation data model can be created using reservoir properties such as permeability, porosity, height above the free water level, and a saturation height function.  In some embodiments, porosity, permeability, and rock type data may be obtained from seismic data and / or well data.  Similarly, the saturation height function may be a function of the capillary pressure, water saturation and permeability data.  In some embodiments, the petrophysical data for these oilfield properties are obtained from an analysis of core plug samples representative of the oilfield reservoir.  As used herein, the term "capillary pressure" refers to the difference in capillary forces generated by two or more immiscible fluids within voids of a rock.  Capillary pressure data can be measured through experimentation or can be received in the model.  For example, capillary pressure can be measured through porous plate experiments, centrifugation or mercury injection.  The capillary pressure data may include measuring a saturation at a different pressure level and / or height.  In some embodiments, a laboratory capillary pressure data register with respect to wetting phase saturation or nonwetting phase saturation is obtained and is used to establish the saturation height function.  In another embodiment, the capillary pressure data obtained by experimentation is normalized before the capillary pressure data is used to establish the saturation height function.  Standardization may permit the use of the saturation height function with a reservoir with different fluid systems, such as gas / water, oil / water, and oil / water / gas.  In one embodiment, the measured capillary pressure data is representative of the capillary pressure of the oil field reservoir or a portion thereof.  For example, capillary pressure data in terms of height may represent a maximum thickness of the reservoir to be modeled.  As used herein, the term "water saturation" refers to a portion of a substrate porosity filled with water.  In one embodiment, water saturation data can be obtained by experimentation.  For example, water saturation can be obtained from capillary pressure experiments: the non-wetting phase saturation (in the case of mercury injection) can be calculated as the volume occupied by the non-wetting phase. wetting (measurement of the volume injected during the experiment) on the total pore volume.  In some embodiments, the water saturation data is normalized.  In one embodiment, the water saturation data is representative of the water saturation of the oil field reservoir or a portion thereof.  [0065] As used herein, the term "permeability" refers to the ability of a substrate to transmit a fluid.  In one embodiment, the permeability data can be obtained by experimentation.  For example, permeability data may be derived from measured pressures prior to entering a substrate sample and after the exit of the substrate using a known viscosity fluid.  In the case of a gas, corrections, such as a correction for the Klinkenberg effect, may be included.  In one embodiment, the measured permeability data is representative of the permeability of the oil field reservoir or part thereof.  In one embodiment, the saturation height function is based on two equations for approximating capillary pressure data measured from the reservoir: a first equation that solves a set of unknown parameters using pressure data. measured capillary, and a second equation using the unknown parameters resolved to apply a set of hyperbolic tangents to approximate capillary pressure data obtained from a single-pore or multiple-pore throat system.  In one embodiment, these equations adjust capillary pressure data measured from the reservoir using a constrained nonlinear least squares method.  In another embodiment, these equations adjust the capillary pressure and saturation data measured from the reservoir using a constrained nonlinear least squares method.  For example, a first equation (Equation 1) may use a set M of measured water saturation and capillary pressure data.  In one embodiment, the water saturation and capillary pressure data are obtained by analysis and experimentation based on core plug samples from the reservoir.  In another embodiment, the water saturation and capillary pressure data are normalized, and the normalized capillary pressure is converted to logarithmic capillary pressure prior to incorporation into equation 1.  In one embodiment, equation 1 uses the set M of measured water saturation and capillary pressure data in a non-linear least squares method to find unknown parameters (an, wn, tu). a model that minimizes an error E between the data and a model of capillary pressure f.  In one embodiment, the first equation corresponds to the following equation: ## EQU1 ## where Smeas and Pmeas represent the water saturation data and of capillary pressure and an, wn, you are the unknown parameters to solve.  In another embodiment, a second equation incorporates previously unknown resolved parameters (an, wn, hi) in a model that defines a set N of hyperbolic tangents.  For example, in one embodiment, the second equation corresponds to the following equation: Equation 2: f (P) a Wn, tn) = aN EnN, i an + 1. tanh (w P n)) with the following constraints 25> 0, Vn c [1, N] n, N E N an + i where P is the logarithmic transform of the normalized capillary pressure and N is the number of hyperbolic tangents established for the model. In one embodiment, the number of hyperbolic tangents of the model in equation 2 is predetermined. For example, Figure 6 shows capillary pressure data from a 3-pore throat system, therefore Equations 1 and 2 would be set at N = 3. In one embodiment, the scale factors (an + i-an) of each hyperbolic tangent 5 in the set N are linked together so that the sum of the hyperbolic tangents is limited between 2a1 and 2aN. The bond can force the separation of the hyperbolic tangents between different pore grooves. For example, forcing a hyperbolic tangent by throat to a pore instead of a hyperbolic tangent on a 3-pore throat and two other hyperbolic tangents without any contribution. In other words, as illustrated in FIG. 8, each hyperbolic tangent can be limited to a one-pore throat. In one embodiment, the constraints present in equation 2 are configured so as to limit the hyperbolic tangents to realistic capillary pressure curves and to improve the stability of the model. For example, hyperbolic tangents can be sorted by the number of pore grooves in the system, with the "first" hyperbolic tangent starting on the left. Each pore throat and the corresponding combined hyperbolic tangent can be established as monotonous decreasing functions. For example, Figures 3, 4, and 5 illustrate a model of hyperbolic tangents in a capillary pressure and water saturation system according to one embodiment. Figure 3 illustrates a single hyperbolic tangent 310 in a capillary pressure and water saturation system created using equation 2 above with the constraints therein. The x axis represents the capillary pressure and the y axis represents the water saturation. Figure 4 illustrates two hyperbolic tangents 320 and 330 created using equation 2 above with constraints in it. As shown in Figure 4, a third hyperbolic tangent 340 is the sum of hyperbolic tangents 320 and 330 and represents a two-pore throat system. Figure 5 shows two hyperbolic tangents 350 and 360 created without the constraints in equation 2 above, and a third hyperbolic tangent 370 which is the sum of hyperbolic tangents 350 and 360. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the third hyperbolic tangent 370 can not represent a realistic capillary pressure curve because the underlying unstressed hyperbolic tangents 350 and 360 are moving in different directions. A hyperbolic tangent may also not represent a realistic capillary pressure curve if it results in a non-monotonic decreasing function. In one embodiment, a nonlinear optimization routine is used to find the best fit parameters. For example, a nonlinear optimization routine configured to handle linear inequality constraints, such as sequential quadratic programming, can be used to find the best fit parameters. Figures 6, 7 and 8 show a model of capillary pressure according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 6 illustrates capillary pressure data from a multi-pore throat system. Figure 7 illustrates a best fit curve 410 on the capillary pressure data. As illustrated in Figure 7, the best fit curve 410 is the sum of three hyperbolic tangents 420, 430 and 440. Figure 10 illustrates the three hyperbolic tangents 420, 430, and 440 shifted which show which hyperbolic tangent corresponds to what porey throat. As illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 8, a capillary pressure model incorporating equations 1 and 2 shows a good fit to well-measured capillary pressure data, and a number of hyperbolic tangents N can be established for approach the number of pore grooves in the system. In some embodiments, a good fit is determined by the amount of error in equation 1: the lower error on equation 1 means the better fit, while a higher error value indicates a higher quality. less of the adjustment. In one embodiment, a saturation height function is created by combining the capillary pressure model of equations 1 and 2 in conjunction with equations that incorporate other physical properties of the reservoir. For example, a capillary pressure model can be created using equations 1 and 2 to approximate measured capillary pressure data while concurrently incorporating permeability data to create a saturation height function. As described above, the capillary pressure model of Equations 1 and 2 may be subject to further correction. Capillary pressure data obtained from core plug samples from the reservoir may be subject to compliance or closure effects depending on how the core plug is obtained. When a core plug is immersed in mercury for an HPMI (High Pressure Mercury Injection) procedure, with pressures as high as, say, about 60,000 psi, or a MICP (Injection Capillary Pressure) procedure. of mercury), with lower pressures, for example, at about 2000 psi, the mercury injection first begins at a very low pressure. However, the interface of the core plug may have some edge roughness and / or other alterations that are not representative of the internal pore system of the reservoir. For example, the interface of the core plug may be more or less friable, or may exhibit altered roughness by the core plug cutting process as well as handling, aging, and handling prior to the injection experiments. of mercury, with the result that the pores exposed on the interface of the core plug sample are larger than they were originally. As the mercury pressure increases, the mercury will begin to flow around the core plug, and will enter the damaged rough interface at some pressure depending on the extent of damage to the core plug. For example, the more damaged it is, the larger the openings created, and the lower the pressure at which the mercury will begin to penetrate the plug. These damaged pores can not be representative of the pore system of the reservoir, and therefore this needs to be corrected. As used herein, the term "inlet pressure" refers to the point on the capillary pressure curve at which the mercury initially enters the sample during a mercury injection experiment. The inlet pressure is also sometimes referred to as the displacement pressure, and may be a characteristic of the rock that is related to the force required in the reservoir for the oil to be above the open water level. In one embodiment, a method may be used to automatically execute closure correction on capillary pressure curves using multiple hyperbolic tangents. The correction can be performed by extrapolation for homogeneous core plug samples, such as sandstone, or by normalization for heterogeneous core plug samples, such as fracture-free cell-structure rock carbonate. In addition, method 600 can also be used to determine the inlet pressure that corresponds to the capillary pressure curve. Figure 9 is a flowchart of a method for correcting a capillary pressure curve and obtaining the inlet pressure for the capillary curve. As illustrated in FIG. 9, a process 600 can begin with the creation of a capillary pressure curve during the operation 610. The method 600 can then continue with the determination of a correction pressure of closing during the operation 620 and the correction of the capillary pressure curve during the operation 630. In one embodiment, the capillary pressure curve is corrected by means of a normalization during the operation 640 and the inlet pressure is determined during the operation 650. In another embodiment, the capillary pressure curve is corrected through extrapolation during the operation 660 and the pressure of Input is determined in step 670. [0082] Figure 10 shows a capillary pressure curve with 2 pore gorges. As illustrated in FIG. 10, during operation 610, a capillary pressure curve 700 is created by linking multiple hyperbolic tangents 710 and 720 using equation 2 to approximate the obtained capillary pressure data 750, similarly to what has been described above in relation to FIGS. 2 to 8. [0083] In step 620, the closing correction cutoff pressure is determined. In one embodiment, the closing correction cutoff pressure corresponds to the local minimum of the second derivative of the capillary pressure curve where the capillary pressure is the lowest. For example, the capillary pressure curve 700 can be created using Equation 2: Equation 2: f (P, an, w, t) = ai + a N zEri = i (an + i - an) .tanh ( wn. (P ta)) in which N = 2 to represent a two-pore throat system. The second derivative of the capillary pressure curve 700 can then be calculated using the following equation: Equation 5: (17 2n-1- 1 e2z (n tanh.z (1) k 2 dzn (1 + e2.) 1 + 1.kz (n where k) is the Eulerian number and n = 2. [0085] Figure 11 shows a second derivative 800 of the capillary pressure curve 700. As illustrated in FIG. 11, the second derivative has two local minima 801 and 802, with the lowest pressure at the local minimum 802. Therefore, the closing correction breaking pressure 803 corresponds to the local minimum pressure 802 along the line. Fig. 12 shows a trimmed capillary pressure curve 770. As shown in Fig. 12, all capillary pressure data below the closing correction cutoff pressure 803 are suppressed. this is described above, the 3036820 20 capillary pressure data removed nt correspond to capillary data subject to compliance or closure effects. Once the closing correction cut-off pressure 803 has been determined, the capillary pressure curve 770 can be corrected and the inlet pressure can be determined during the operation 630. [0088] The correction can be carried out by normalization during the operation 640 or by extrapolation during the operation 660. In the operations 640 and 650, the correction is carried out by normalization and the closing correction cut-off pressure corresponds to the pressure input. Figure 13 shows a normalized capillary pressure curve. As illustrated in Figure 13, a normalized capillary pressure curve 900 is created by normalizing the trimmed capillary pressure curve 770 such that the closing correction cutoff pressure 803 corresponds to a wetting phase saturation of 100. % during the operation 640. The closing correction cutoff pressure 803 will correspond to the inlet pressure 850 along the "A" line during the operation 650. [0091] The trimmed capillary pressure 770 can be performed via standard standardization processes in the petroleum industry. For example, the normalization can be performed by taking the saturation value which corresponds to the closing correction cut-off pressure 803 and dividing the entire saturation of the capillary pressure by this value, so that the last point of the normalized capillary pressure curve will correspond to the saturation at the closing correction cut-off pressure 803 and / or the saturation at the closing correction cut-off pressure 803 = 1. [0092] In the operation 660, the correction is performed by extrapolation using the closing correction cutoff pressure and a first derivative cutoff pressure, and the inlet pressure is the wetting phase saturation pressure of 100%. In one embodiment, the first derived cutoff pressure corresponds to the local minimum of the first derivative of the capillary pressure curve 700 where the capillary pressure is the lowest. For example, the first derivative of the capillary pressure curve 700 can be calculated using the following equation: Equation 6: N _ dP Ln = 1 (yr + 1 yr) .wn .. (tanh (wn. Figure 14 shows a first derivative 880 and the second derivative 800 of a trimmed capillary pressure curve 770. As shown in Figure 14, the derivative first comprises two local minima 881 and 882, with the lowest pressure at the local minimum 882. Therefore, the first derived cut-off pressure 883 corresponds to the minimum local pressure 882 along the line "B." As illustrated in Fig. 14, the closing correction cut-off pressure 803 corresponds to the local minimum 802 of the second derivative 800, and the capillary pressure curve 770 is trimmed to suppress any capillary pressure data below the closing correction pressure 803. [0095] Figure 15 shows an extrapolated capillary pressure curve. As illustrated in FIG. 15, an extrapolated capillary pressure curve 980 is created by a regression analysis between the first derivative cutoff pressure 883 and the closing correction cutoff pressure 803. For example, as illustrated in Figure 15, a linear least squares regression between the first derived cut-off pressure 883 and the closing correction cut-off pressure 803 can be calculated in step 660. [0096] Linear least squares regression can be be used to predict saturation below the closing correction cut-off pressure 803 until a wetting saturation of 100% is achieved. For example, linear least squares regression can be used to extrapolate the extrapolated capillary pressure curve 980 to the wetting phase saturation point of 100% using a linear equation, see "D". In step 670, as illustrated in FIG. 15, the inlet pressure 850 corresponds to a 100% wetting phase saturation pressure along the "C" line. Therefore, in some embodiments, the method 600 can automatically execute the closure correction and determine the capillary pressure data input pressure for homogeneous and heterogeneous core plug samples using a process analysis. normalization or extrapolation. In some embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure may be executed by a computing system. Figure 16 illustrates an example of such a computing system 500, according to some embodiments. The computing system 500 may comprise a computer or a computer system 501A, which may be an individual computer system 501A or an arrangement of distributed computer systems. The computer system 501A includes one or more analysis modules (502) which are (are) configured to perform various tasks according to some embodiments, such as one or more disclosed method (s). ) right here. To perform these various tasks, the analysis module 502 operates independently, or in coordination with one or more processor (s) 504, which is (are) connected to one or more support (s) of The processor (s) 504 is / are also connected to a network interface 507 to allow the computer system 501A to communicate on a data network 509 with one or more systems ( s) computer and / or additional computing system (s), such as 501B, 501C and / or 501D (note that computer systems 501B, 501C and / or 501D may or may not share the same architecture 501A, and may be located at different physical locations, for example, the computer systems 501A and 501B may be located in a processing facility while in communication with one or more systems ( s) computer such as 501C and / or 501D that is (are) located (s) in one or more data center (s), and / or located in different countries on different continents). A processor may comprise a microprocessor, a micro-controller, a processor module or subsystem, a programmable integrated circuit, a programmable gate array or other control or computing device. The storage media 506 may be implemented in the form of one or more storage medium (s) readable by a computer or readable by a machine. Note that although in the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 16 storage media 506 are shown as being located within the computer system 501A, in some embodiments, the storage media are 506 may be distributed within and / or across multiple internal or external cabinets of the computing system 501A and / or additional computing systems. The storage media 506 may comprise one or more different memory form (s) including semiconductor memory devices such as dynamic or static random access memories (DRAM or SRAM), erasable and programmable read only memories (EPROMs) electrically erasable and programmable read-only memories (EEPRO) and flash memories, magnetic disks such as fixed disks, floppy disks and removable disks, other magnetic media including tapes, optical media such as compact disks. (CD) or digital video discs (DVDs), BLUERAY® discs or other types of optical storage, or other types of storage devices. Note that the instructions discussed above may be provided on a computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium, or may be provided on multiple computer-readable or machine-readable storage media distributed in a wide range of formats. system possibly including several nodes. These (s) 3036820 23 support (s) readable by a computer or readable by a machine is (are) considered as part of an article (or an article of manufacture). An article or article of manufacture may refer to any single component (s) or multiple components. The storage medium (s) can be located either in the machine executing the machine-readable instructions or at a remote site from which the readable instructions can be read. a machine can be downloaded via a network to be executed. In some embodiments, the computing system 500 contains one or more modeling module (s) 508. In the exemplary computing system 500, the computer system 501A comprises the modeling module 508. In In some embodiments, a single modeling module may be used to perform at least some aspects of one or more embodiments of the methods disclosed herein. In alternative embodiments, a plurality of modeling modules may be used to perform at least some aspects of the methods described herein. [00103] It will be appreciated that the computing system 500 is an example of a computing system, and that the computing system 500 may comprise more or fewer components than shown, may combine additional components that are not not described in the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 16, and / or the computing system 500 may have a different configuration or arrangement (e) of the components shown in Fig. 16. The different components shown in Fig. 16 may be implemented in hardware, software or combination of both hardware and software, including one or more integrated integrated circuit (s) for processing and / or signal application . [00104] In addition, aspects of the processing methods described herein can be implemented by executing one or more functional module (s) in an information processing apparatus such as universal processors or specific chips. application, such as ASICs, FPGAs, PLDs, or other suitable devices. These modules, combinations of these modules and / or their combination with universal hardware are included within the scope of protection of the invention. [00105] Geological interpretations, geological models and / or other interpretation aids can be refined in an iterative manner; this concept is applicable to the processes discussed herein. This may include the use of feedback loops executed on an algorithmic basis, such as a computing device (e.g., a computing system 500, Figure 16), and / or through manual control by a user who can produce 24 determinations as to whether a given step, action, template, pattern, or set of curves has become sufficiently accurate to evaluate a considered three-dimensional underground geological formation.
[0004] The present disclosure has been described with reference to the embodiments. Although a few embodiments have been presented and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that changes can be made to these embodiments without betraying the principles and spirit of the foregoing detailed description. It is intended that the present disclosure be construed to embrace such modifications and variations to the extent that they fall within the scope of the appended claims or equivalents thereof. 10

权利要求:
Claims (14)
[0001]
REVENDICATIONS1. A method for correcting a capillary pressure curve, comprising the steps of: obtaining capillary pressure data representing a capillary pressure in a reservoir, creating (610) a capillary pressure curve using multiple hyperbolic tangents bound to approximate the data capillary pressure obtained; determining (620) a closing correction cutoff pressure of the capillary pressure curve; and correcting (630) the capillary pressure curve, wherein the correction of the capillary pressure curve comprises at least one of a normalization (640) of the capillary pressure curve and an extrapolation (660) of the pressure curve capillary.
[0002]
The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: determining an input pressure for the capillary pressure curve after the correction of the capillary pressure curve, wherein the determination of the correction cutoff pressure of closing the capillary pressure curve comprises determining a local minimum of the second derivative of the capillary pressure curve, and wherein the closing correction cutoff pressure corresponds to the local minimum where the capillary pressure is the lowest .
[0003]
The method of claim 2, wherein normalizing the capillary pressure curve comprises adjusting the closing correction cutoff pressure to correspond to a wetting phase saturation of 100%, and wherein The input corresponds to the closing correction cut-off pressure after the setting of the closing correction cut-off pressure.
[0004]
The method of claim 2, wherein extrapolating the capillary pressure curve comprises the steps of: determining a first derived cutoff pressure; Performing a regression analysis between the first derived cutoff pressure and the closing correction cutoff pressure; and extrapolating the capillary pressure curve to the wetting phase saturation point of 100%, wherein the first derived cutoff pressure corresponds to the first derived local minimum where the capillary pressure is the lowest, and wherein the The inlet corresponds to a saturation point saturation pressure of 100%. 10
[0005]
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the capillary pressure curve is defined by the following equation: ## EQU1 ## (P te)) with the following constraints: tone. Where P represents a logarithmic transformation of a normalized capillary pressure and N represents the number of hyperbolic tangents.
[0006]
6. Non-transient computer readable medium (506) for storing instructions which, when executed by one or more processor (s) (504) of a computing system (501A), cause the computing system to performing operations, the operations comprising: obtaining capillary pressure data representing a capillary pressure in a reservoir, creating (610) a capillary pressure curve using multiple hyperbolic tangents bound to approximate the obtained capillary pressure data; determining (620) a closing correction cutoff pressure of the capillary pressure curve; correcting (630) the capillary pressure curve; and determining (650, 670) an inlet pressure for the capillary pressure curve after the correction of the capillary pressure curve, wherein the correction of the capillary pressure curve comprises at least one operation among normalization (640) of the capillary pressure curve and extrapolation (660) of the capillary pressure curve.
[0007]
The non-transient computer readable medium of claim 6, wherein determining the closing correction cutoff pressure of the capillary pressure curve comprises determining a local minimum of the second derivative of the pressure curve. in which the closing correction cut-off pressure corresponds to the local minimum where the capillary pressure is the lowest, and in which the correction of the capillary pressure curve comprises a trimming of the capillary pressure curve in order to eliminate capillary pressure data below the closing correction cutoff pressure. 15
[0008]
The non-transient computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein normalizing the capillary pressure curve includes adjusting the closing correction cutoff pressure to correspond to 100% wetting phase saturation, and wherein the inlet pressure corresponds to the closing correction cutoff pressure after the setting of the closing correction cutoff pressure, and wherein the extrapolation of the capillary pressure curve comprises a determination of a first derivative cut-off pressure, performing a regression analysis between the first derived cut-off pressure and the closing correction cut-off pressure, and extrapolation of the capillary pressure curve to the wetting phase saturation point of 100% wherein the first derived cutoff pressure corresponds to the first derived local minimum where the capillary pressure is the lower, and wherein the inlet pressure corresponds to a wetting phase saturation point pressure of 100%.
[0009]
9. A non-transient computer readable medium according to claim 6, wherein the capillary pressure curve is defined by the following equation: f (I), wn, tn) = a + (an + i - a) .ta h (wie - tn)) 3036820 28 with the following constraints: wn,> 0, Vn E [1, N] rt, NEN 5 year, + 1 <an, Vn E [11N -1] NEN where P represents a logarithmic transform of a normalized capillary pressure and N represents the number of hyperbolic tangents. 10
[0010]
A computing system (501A), comprising: one or more processor (s) (504); and a memory system comprising one or more non-transitory computer readable medium (s) (506) for storing instructions which, when executed by said one or more processor (s) of the computing system, cause the computing system to perform operations, the operations comprising: obtaining capillary pressure data representing a capillary pressure in a reservoir, creating (610) a capillary pressure curve using multiple hyperbolic tangents related to approximate the capillary pressure data obtained; Determining (620) a closing correction cutoff pressure of the capillary pressure curve; correcting (630) the capillary pressure curve; and determining (650, 670) an inlet pressure for the capillary pressure curve after the correction of the capillary pressure curve, wherein the correction of the capillary pressure curve comprises at least one of a normalization operation ( 640) of the capillary pressure curve and an extrapolation (660) of the capillary pressure curve.
[0011]
The calculating system of claim 10, wherein determining the closing correction cut-off pressure of the capillary pressure curve comprises determining a local minimum of the second derivative of the capillary pressure curve, in wherein the closing correction cutoff pressure corresponds to the local minimum where the capillary pressure is the lowest, and wherein the correction of the capillary pressure curve comprises trimming of the capillary pressure curve to eliminate the data. capillary pressure below the closing correction cutoff pressure.
[0012]
A computing system according to claim 11: wherein the normalization of the capillary pressure curve comprises adjusting the closing correction cutoff pressure to correspond to a wetting phase saturation of 100%, and wherein the inlet pressure corresponds to the closing correction cut-off pressure after the setting of the closing correction cut-off pressure. 10
[0013]
The computing system of claim 11, wherein the extrapolation of the capillary pressure curve comprises: determining a first derived cutoff pressure; performing a regression analysis between the first derived cutoff pressure and the closing correction cutoff pressure; and extrapolating the capillary pressure curve to the wetting phase saturation point of 100%, wherein the first derived cutoff pressure corresponds to the first derived local minimum where the capillary pressure is the lowest, and wherein the The inlet corresponds to a saturation point saturation pressure of 100%.
[0014]
14. Computing system according to claim 10, wherein the capillary pressure curve is defined by the following equation: ## EQU1 ## , (P e)) 30 with the following constraints:> 0, in E [1, IV] n, IV ENy + i <a ,, Vra E [1, N - 1] n, NEN where P represents a logarithmic transform of a normalized capillary pressure and N represents the number of hyperbolic tangents.

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优先权:

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FR1554944A|FR3036820B1|2015-06-01|2015-06-01|MODELING OF OIL FIELD RESERVOIR SATURATION AND PERMEABILITY|FR1554944A| FR3036820B1|2015-06-01|2015-06-01|MODELING OF OIL FIELD RESERVOIR SATURATION AND PERMEABILITY|

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US15/577,326| US10787902B2|2015-06-01|2016-05-31|Method and system for correcting a capillary pressure curve|

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EP16804196.0A| EP3303763B1|2015-06-01|2016-05-31|Oilfield reservoir saturation and permeability modeling|

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PCT/US2016/034939| WO2016196421A1|2015-06-01|2016-05-31|Oilfield reservoir saturation and permeability modeling|